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Top 5 Mysterious Ancient Sites Still Remaining in the World

Ancient mysteries have always been a puzzle for modern people, constantly sparking public interest, perhaps because no one can explain how or why these mysteries persist. The world we live in contains countless mysteries, and of course, many remain unexplained by science. Human history spans thousands of years, during which many civilizations have flourished and declined, leaving behind relics that continue to inspire scientists to seek answers. Among these, the relics of ancient civilizations presented below represent some of humanity's greatest mysteries.

1. The Giza Pyramids and the Sphinx of Egypt

The Giza Pyramids, along with the Sphinx, are iconic structures associated with ancient Egyptian civilization. The complex comprises three pyramids, the largest of which reaches a height of 145.75 meters. The Egyptian Pharaohs built the pyramids as their final resting place. Although constructed around the 26th century BC, the Giza Pyramids and the Sphinx have survived to this day and are the only remaining structures of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Giza Pyramids are an archaeological site on the Giza plain, Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. This complex of ancient monuments includes three pyramid complexes known as the Great Pyramids, a large sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village, and an industrial area. It is located in the Western Desert, about 9 km west of the Nile River in the town of Giza and about 13 km from the center of Cairo. The pyramids, historically often considered symbols of ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, gained popularity during the Greek civilization, when the Pyramids were listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. To date, it is the oldest and only surviving ancient wonder.

The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly known as the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a sphinx (a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human) in a reclining position on the Giza plateau, on the left bank of the Nile River in Giza, Egypt. It is the world's largest monolithic statue, measuring 73.5 meters long and 20.22 meters high, and is one of the oldest monolithic sculptures. The statue is believed to have been built by the ancient Egyptians during the Old Kingdom period, under the reign of Pharaoh Khafra (2558–2532 BC). The Sphinx is the world's largest and oldest statue, but basic information about it, such as the time and builders, remains debated. These questions have led to the popular notion of the "Sphinx Riddle," alluding to the Greek myth of the Sphinx Mystery. Pliny the Elder mentioned the Sphinx in his book *Natural History*, noting that the Egyptians worshipped the statue as a god and that "King Harmais was buried there." The name used by its builders is unknown, as the Sphinx does not appear in any Old Kingdom texts. During the New Kingdom period, the Sphinx was called Hor-em-akhet, a name also used in his *Dream Inscription*.
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2. Statues of people on Easter Island

Easter Island is an island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, under Chilean sovereignty, located at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. Easter Island is famous for its 887 stone statues, called moai, created by the ancient Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO recognized Easter Island as a World Heritage Site, with most of its area protected within the Rapa Nui National Park. The Polynesians may have arrived on Easter Island between 700 and 1100 AD, creating a rich and developed culture, as evidenced by the moai statues and other artifacts. However, human activity, the appearance of rats, and overpopulation led to deforestation and depletion of natural resources, resulting in the decline of the Rapa Nui civilization. When Europeans arrived in 1722, the island's population had dwindled to just 2,000-3,000, down from an estimated 15,000 a century earlier. Disease and the slave trade further reduced the Rapa Nui population, to only 111 in 1877. Easter Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited island is Pitcairn, 2,075 km away; the nearest town is Rikitea, with a population of just over 500, located on Mangareva Island, 2,606 km away; and the nearest mainland point is in central Chile, 3,512 km away.

Easter Island is a special territory of Chile, annexed in 1888. Administratively, it belongs to the Valparaíso region and, more precisely, it is the only commune in the Isla de Pascua province. According to 2012 statistics, the island has 5,800 inhabitants, of which about 60% are indigenous Rapa Nui people. Easter Island was discovered by the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen on Easter Sunday in 1722, hence its name. The island, located in the Southeast Pacific, is now owned by Chile. What makes Easter Island mysterious are the giant stone statues called Moai, estimated to be about 6,000 years old. Scattered across the island, these statues are believed to belong to the Rapa Nui civilization that lived there. Currently, scientists have excavated and discovered that the lower bodies of the statues on Easter Island are still buried. Hopefully, in the future, the mystery of the statues on Easter Island – one of humanity's greatest mysteries – will be solved.

The colossal stone statues on Easter Island have always been a major mystery for humanity.
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3. Stonehenge, an ancient stone circle in England.

From a distance of a few hundred meters to Stonehenge, one notices distinctive shapes, seemingly imprinted on the ground. Upon closer inspection, the images on the grass appear to be created with ideal precision. The drawings in the Stonehenge area are unique: the ground remains undisturbed, yet the structure of the blades of grass within the rings has changed, as if the grass itself has "laid" itself into a necessary order. These drawings have baffled researchers worldwide. What meaning is hidden within them, who left them, for what purpose, and why do they appear so precisely near Stonehenge? To this day, no one has been able to explain it. Stonehenge is one of the most mysterious places on the planet. To this day, it remains impossible to say who created these massive stones and for what purpose. Initially, the structure was a circle of 30 upright stones (each weighing 25 tons), connected by horizontal bars. Inside the circle were five pairs of stones with horizontal bars on top.

According to scientists, Stonehenge began construction in the 19th century BC and was completed several hundred years later. Large blocks of stone were quarried from the mines and then rolled or transported by river to the construction site. There, the stones were buried one meter deep in the ground. The stones used were of two types: hard, solid blocks for the outer circle and softer stones taken from coal and ore deposits (hence called bluestone), which formed the inner circle of Stonehenge. Scientists say the bluestones were sourced from Mount Prezeli, located about 200 km from Stonehenge, demonstrating the immense effort and risk of life that the ancient people, with only ropes and sticks, must have put in to move them. There are many theories about who built this mysterious structure. The theory that extraterrestrial beings were involved in the construction of Stonehenge has attracted the most attention. During the period from 3,000 to 1,500 BC, many mysterious and unusual structures appeared in Europe, especially on the British Isles.
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4. Machu Picchu Fortress

Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca city located in the Eastern Mountains of southern Peru, atop a mountain ridge 2,430 meters high. Administratively, it lies in the Machupicchu district of Urubamba province, above the Sacred Valley, 80 km northwest of Cusco. The Urubamba River flows through it, cutting through the mountain range and creating a gorge with a tropical mountain climate. Most archaeologists believe Machu Picchu was built as a residence for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly called the "Lost City of the Incas," it is the most familiar symbol of Inca civilization. The Incas built this residence around 1450 but abandoned it just a century later during the Spanish conquest of South America. Although known locally, it was unknown to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to the world's attention in 1911.

Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished drystone walls. Its three main structures are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Chamber of the Three Windows. Most of the exterior buildings have been rebuilt to give tourists a better look at how they originally appeared. By 1976, 30% of Machu Picchu had been restored, and restoration continues. Machu Picchu was declared a Historic Site of Peru in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a global online poll to find seven other architectural masterpieces alongside the Seven Ancient Wonders of Human Civilization.
Machu Picchu fortress viewed from above.
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5. The ancient Mayan city of Lagunita

The Mayan civilization has always been one of the most mysterious enigmas, prompting scientific exploration. One of the treasures they left behind for posterity is their architecture, archaeological sites, and strange symbols. The ancient city of Lagunita is one of the remaining Mayan ruins. Located in the Campeche region of the Yucatan Peninsula, the ancient city of Lagunita is hidden deep within the jungle, forgotten by time. This Mayan city existed between 1000 and 600 BC. Within the complex of ruins, archaeologists discovered complete structures including pyramids, fortifications, and houses, proving that the city once flourished.

According to archaeologists, the two newly unearthed cities reached their peak between 600 and 1000 AD. The research team found buildings resembling palaces, pyramids, and commercial centers. One of the pyramids reaches a height of 20 meters. A massive stone stelae are covered in soil at Tamchen. Most of the structures are deformed due to the cities being abandoned for 1,000 years. The remains of these ancient Mayan cities were found in the dense jungle of the central Yucatan Peninsula, southeast of Campeche state, Mexico, where the vegetation is thick and almost inaccessible to humans.
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