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Top 10 Most Unique Mushrooms in the World

Vibrant, mysterious, and often fantastically shaped, weird mushrooms ignite curiosity all around the world. Some fascinate us with unusual designs that are reminiscent of animals or even human body parts. Others impress us with health-boosting qualities that evolved from the millions of years that fungi have spent adapting to every kind of environment. While some weird mushrooms are so bizarre, you can’t help but wonder if they’re actually from this planet. Weird mushrooms are some of the most remarkable organisms you’ll find. From delicious and enchanting to creepy and downright stinky, weird mushrooms are truly dynamic beings. Here are 9 of the strangest species of fungi and the characteristics that make them so unique.

1. Fly Agaric Mushroom

Fly Agaric, also known by the scientific name Amanita muscaria, is one of the mushrooms with a unique appearance, looking like mushrooms in fairy tales. With its red mushroom cap and white ray leaves, it attracts attention but contains toxic substances such as Muscinol and Ibotenic Acid. These substances can affect the nervous system, causing symptoms such as nausea, alternating drowsiness, agitation, and can especially cause hallucinations. For people with cardiovascular disease, eating this mushroom can be life-threatening.
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2. Deadly Dapperling Mushroom

Deadly Dapperling mushroom, also known by the scientific name Lepiota brunneoincarnata, is a species of mushroom belonging to the genus Lepiota, order Agaricales. This fungus is common in Europe and eastern temperate regions of Asia such as China, often appearing in grassy areas such as fields, parks and gardens. The mushroom cap is brown, up to 4 cm wide, the body is pinkish brown and the mushroom blade is white. This is a very toxic mushroom, containing Amatoxin - causing 80 - 90% of deaths due to mushroom poisoning.

Deadly Dapperling mushrooms are often confused with edible mushrooms. The alpha-amanitin found in this mushroom can be fatal and has caused many poisonings, including a serious accident in Spain in 2002 and the death of a family in Tunisia in 2010. Living people Survivors who ate this mushroom in Turkey in 2013 also suffered severe liver damage.

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3. Angel wings mushrooms

Despite its beautiful name, angel wings mushroom is a dangerous poisonous mushroom, causing dozens of deaths. Angel wings mushroom has the scientific name Pleurocybella Porrigen, so named because it is said to have the ability to turn the person who eats it into an angel, the soul flying to heaven forever. This type of mushroom is ivory white and can grow as big as a hand. Before being considered a poisonous mushroom, it was once considered a food. However, after 17 people died out of 60 Japanese people poisoned by eating it in 2004, the mushroom was warned as toxic.

Angel wings mushrooms often live in damp places and currently scientists cannot identify the toxins of this mushroom. It is likely that this mushroom contains high concentrations of cyanide. Previously, angel wings mushroom was known as Sugihiratake in Japan. Few people would expect that a seemingly normal mushroom like other edible mushrooms could contain such toxins.

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4. Conocybe Filaris mushroom

Conocybe filaris, whose scientific name is Pholiotina rugosa, in Vietnamese is grass mushroom, is one of the poisonous grass mushrooms that looks harmless, originating from the Pacific region, northwest of the United States. If this mushroom is eaten, the Amatoxin in the mushroom will cause the victim to have symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, followed by liver failure and death. Often confused with magic mushrooms (Psilocybes), but if this mushroom is eaten, the victim will suffer serious and irreversible liver damage.

After eating mushrooms about 6 - 24 hours, symptoms of poisoning will appear, starting from the digestive system, easily misdiagnosed as food poisoning or stomach flu. Patients with mushroom poisoning can recover, but often suffer a relapse of life-threatening digestive dysfunction, liver failure and kidney failure. They contain mycotoxins (mold toxins) similar to Death Cap, which can be fatal to those who eat them. Because of this, Conocybe Filaris Mushroom is listed as one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world.
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5. Podostroma Cornu Damae

The scientific name of the death hand mushroom is Podostroma Cornu Damae, so named because the shape of the mushroom resembles a human hand emerging from the ground and can cause death. The main toxin in this mushroom is Mycotoxin trichothecene - a compound that causes unpleasant symptoms and leads to death after a few days. This toxin affects the liver, kidneys, and brain, depleting blood cells, creating a feeling of radiation poisoning or leukemia.

This mushroom is also known by other names such as "dead man's finger", "death finger", "rotten finger"... This is not an edible mushroom, because it contains many toxins that are harmful to the body. human body. This mushroom grows everywhere, from deep forests to houses. Spring is the time when this mushroom thrives. This is a type of mushroom that can cause poisoning upon contact, according to Science Alert. Usually appears on plant roots or in the soil, creating at least eight types of toxic compounds that can be absorbed directly through the skin. Because there is no effective treatment yet, many deaths have been recorded. In particular, many people confuse this mushroom with an edible mushroom, often used to decorate tea.
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6. Autumn skullcap mushroom

Autumn skullcap mushroom (Autumn Skullcap) has the scientific name Galerina marginata, known in Vietnamese as autumn skullcap mushroom. This fungus often appears on dead tree trunks and is common throughout the world, especially in Northern Hemisphere regions and some parts of Australia. Although it may seem like a common edible mushroom, the Amatoxin within it can permanently damage the liver, causing liver failure and death.

Galerina marginata is a large fungus with ray leaves that often grows on damp woody stems, causing rot and rot in the tree. This mushroom contains Amatoxin like the death mushroom. When eating Autumn Skullcap mushrooms, poisoning can occur with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, lowered body temperature, liver damage, and can lead to death if not treated promptly. Although there are differences in characteristics compared to edible mushrooms, there have been many cases of death and poisoning due to confusion with hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushrooms.
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7. Webcap mushroom

Webcap mushroom has the scientific name Cortinarius rubellus, this is one of the rarest poisonous mushrooms in the world because eating just a small amount or even just tasting it is enough to cause death. Orellanine found in mushrooms is an extremely powerful toxin that directly affects the kidneys and currently has no treatment. If you are lucky enough to escape death when eating this mushroom, you will have to suffer for the rest of your life or even need a kidney transplant. The entire mushroom is light reddish brown in color, including the cap, stem, ray leaves and mushroom flesh. This mushroom often grows in woodlands or forests in Norway.

There are two famous species of webcap mushrooms, deadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus) and fool's webcap (Cortinarius orellanus). In Vietnam, they are often called deadly mushrooms. Both types of Cortinarius mushrooms are very similar in appearance and some of them resemble edible mushrooms. The toxin orellanin in webcap mushrooms will cause initial poisoning symptoms similar to the common cold and it can take 2 - 3 days until other severe poisoning symptoms appear, leading to a diagnosis. mistake. Ultimately, the toxin orellanin in the webcap mushroom will cause kidney failure and can lead to death if not treated.

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8. Destroying Angels Mushroom

The name 'destroying angel' is actually a generic name for many white mushrooms in the Amanita family. They look like button mushrooms or meadow mushrooms, easily confusing people. Amanita ocreata, whose English name is death angel, destroying angel, is a poisonous mushroom. This species occurs in the Pacific Northwest and California, North America, often living in symbiosis with oak trees. The fruiting body usually appears in spring, the mushroom cap can be white or yellow-brown and often develops a brownish color in the center, while the other parts are white.

Destroying Angels mushrooms, belonging to the Amanitaceae family, are extremely toxic mushrooms with Amatoxin toxins that can completely destroy the body. The toxin causes cramps, abdominal pain, delirium, convulsions, vomiting and diarrhea, which, when absorbed, causes permanent damage to the kidneys and liver. The only treatment to save a poisoned person is a liver transplant and kidney dialysis. They have similar toxicity to A. phalloides, A. virosa and A. bisporigera, which are potentially deadly fungi and have caused several poisoning cases in California.
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9. False Morel Mushroom

False Morel mushroom has the scientific name Gyromitra esculenta, shaped like a human brain, popular in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. This mushroom is toxic to Gyromitrin, causing harm to the liver, nerves and kidneys. If eaten raw, it can lead to death; But cooked properly, they become a delicious dish. Gyromitrin causes diarrhea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness and can be fatal. Selling and cooking this mushroom is illegal in many places due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. Avoid storing fresh mushrooms in a private place because it can cause headaches and nausea.
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10. Death Cap mushroom

Death Cap mushroom, scientific name Amanita phalloides, is the culprit that causes death by eating mushrooms. It is native to Europe, often grows under oak trees, and resembles many edible mushrooms. This is an extremely toxic mushroom, only 30g of poison can kill a person. Even when cooked, dried or frozen, toxicity is not reduced. Many people die due to confusion with edible mushrooms. Death cap mushrooms contain α-amanitin (amatoxin), which can cause irreversible liver and kidney damage. The underside of the mushroom cap has white ray leaves, the base has a sheath, the cap is light yellow or olive, and the mushroom neck resembles a ring.
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