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Top 10 most poisonous mushrooms in the world

There are many types of mushrooms in the world, some of which are edible and used as food, but there are also poisonous mushrooms. If you eat these poisonous mushrooms, you will damage your nervous system, liver, kidneys,... or even death. Please join us in discovering the most poisonous mushrooms in the world to avoid unfortunate consequences.

1. Amanita muscaria

Fly Agaric mushroom, scientific name Amanita muscaria, is a type of mushroom with an eye-catching appearance, looking like mushrooms in fairy tales. Considered the most iconic of the umbrella mushrooms, the fly killer mushroom is a large mushroom with white ray leaves, often with a red cap with white spots, and is one of the most recognizable and widely known in folk culture. Mushrooms often grow under rotting, damp canopies. However, this is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world, the toxins contained in the fly mushroom are Muscinol and Ibotenic Acid. Substances that have the ability to affect the central nervous system cause nausea, alternating drowsiness, agitation,... and can also cause hallucinations. In particular, people with cardiovascular disease who eat this mushroom can die.

Although it is generally considered a poisonous mushroom, deaths from eating this mushroom are rare and after boiling to reduce toxicity and destroy psychotropic substances, it can be consumed as a food in some areas of Europe, Asia, and North America. Amanita muscaria is today famous for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive ingredients being the compounds of ibotenic acid and muscimol. It was used by the Siberian peoples as an intoxicant and inspirational medicine, having religious significance in these cultures.
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2. Pleurocybella Porrigens

Despite its beautiful name, angel wings mushrooms are poisonous and dangerous mushrooms that have caused dozens of deaths. The angel wing mushroom has the scientific name Pleurocybella Porrigens. The reason the mushroom is so named is because according to many people, when you eat this mushroom you have the ability to turn into an angel, your soul will go to heaven forever. Angel wing mushrooms are ivory white and can grow as big as a hand. However, before being listed as one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world, this was once considered a food. It was not until 17 people died out of 60 Japanese people poisoned by eating them in 2004 that this mushroom was recommended as a poisonous mushroom.


Angel wings mushrooms live in damp places and currently scientists cannot identify the toxins of this mushroom. However, it is likely that angel wings mushrooms contain high levels of cyanide. Previously, angel wing mushrooms were once considered a food under the name Sugihiratake in Japan. Few people think that mushrooms that look as normal as other edible mushrooms can contain such terrible toxins.
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3. Lepiota brunneoincarnata

Deadly Dapperling mushroom, scientific name Lepiota brunneoincarnata, is a species of mushroom belonging to the genus Lepiota, order Agaricales. This mushroom is widely distributed in Europe and eastern temperate regions of Asia such as China, it grows in grassy areas such as fields, parks and gardens and is often confused with mushrooms. can eat. The mushroom has a brown cap and is up to 4 cm wide with a pinkish brown body and a white blade. The Deadly Dapperling mushroom is very toxic, several deaths have been recorded because of its similarity to the gray edible mushrooms Tricholoma terreum and Marasmius oreades. This type of mushroom contains Amatoxin - a substance capable of causing 80 - 90% of deaths due to mushroom poisoning.


The deadly dapperling mushroom is known to contain lethal amounts of alpha-amanitin and this caused a fatal poisoning in Spain in 2002 and the subsequent deaths of four young members of the same family. in Tunisia in 2010. A person survived after eating five of these mushrooms along with button mushrooms in Kaynarca, Sakarya, Turkey in 2013. Initial symptoms of poisoning related to the digestive system, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting about ten hours after consumption, followed by liver damage a few days later. 100 g of Lepiota brunneoincarnata can lead to severe liver damage.
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4. Podostroma Cornu Damae

The scientific name of the death hand mushroom is Podostroma Cornu Damae. The reason for this name is because the shape of the mushroom is very similar to a human hand rising from the ground and when eaten can cause death. The main toxin in this mushroom is Mycotoxin trichothecene - a compound that causes unpleasant symptoms and leads to death after a few days. This poison affects all parts of the body but mainly the liver, kidneys, brain, etc., causing blood cell depletion, making the victim look like he has radiation poisoning or leukemia.


This type of mushroom also has other names such as "dead man's finger", "death finger", "rotten finger"... This is not a mushroom to eat, because it contains many toxins that are harmful to the body. human. It grows everywhere, deep in the forest to people's homes. Spring is the time when this mushroom grows best. This is the only mushroom that can poison humans as soon as you touch it, according to Science Alert. Usually found on plant roots or in the soil, this fungus produces at least eight toxic compounds that can be absorbed directly through the skin. Because no appropriate treatment has been found, many deaths have been recorded. In particular, many people mistake this mushroom for an edible mushroom used to add to tea.
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5. Pholiotina rugosa

Conocybe filaris, whose scientific name is Pholiotina rugosa, in Vietnamese is grass mushroom, is one of the seemingly harmless poisonous grass mushrooms originating in the Pacific region, northwest of the United States. If this mushroom is eaten, the Amatoxin in the mushroom will cause the victim to have symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, followed by liver failure and death. People often confuse Conocybe Filaris mushrooms with magic mushrooms (Psilocybes). If this mushroom is eaten, the victim will suffer serious and irreversible liver damage.

After eating mushrooms about 6 - 24 hours, symptoms of poisoning will appear, starting from the digestive system, so it is often easy to misdiagnose it as food poisoning or stomach flu. After mushroom poisoning, patients may recover, but life-threatening digestive dysfunction, liver failure, and kidney failure often return. They contain mycotoxins (mold toxins) similar to Death Cap, which can be fatal to those who eat them. Because of this, Conocybe Filaris Mushroom is listed as one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world.
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6. Cortinarius rubellus

Webcap mushroom has the scientific name Cortinarius rubellus, this is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world because just eating a small amount or just tasting it and spitting it out immediately is enough to cause death. Orellanine found in mushrooms is an extremely powerful toxin that directly affects the kidneys and currently has no antidote. If you are lucky enough to escape death by eating this mushroom, you will have to undergo dialysis for life or have a kidney transplant. The entire body of the mushroom is light reddish brown (cap, stem, ray leaves and mushroom flesh). This type of mushroom grows commonly in woodlands or forests in Norway.


There are 02 species of webcap: deadly webcap (scientific name Cortinarius rubellus) and fool's webcap (scientific name Cortinarius orellanus). In Vietnamese, these poisonous webcap mushrooms are often called deadly mushrooms. These species of Cortinarius mushrooms are very similar in appearance and some of them are edible. The toxin in webcap mushrooms is orellanin. After ingestion, the initial symptoms of poisoning appear similar to the common flu and it can take 2-3 days for symptoms of silent poisoning to appear, so it is easy to cause misdiagnosis. Ultimately, the toxin orellanin found in webcap mushrooms will cause kidney failure and lead to death if not treated.
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7. Galerina marginata

Autumn skullcap mushroom (Autumn Skullcap) has the scientific name Galerina marginata, the Vietnamese name is autumn skullcap mushroom, a type of mushroom that often grows on dead tree trunks and is present all over the world, mainly Grows mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and some parts of Australia. Like many other poisonous mushrooms, this mushroom looks like a normal mushroom and can be used as food, but the Amatoxin inside it causes permanent damage to your liver, leading to liver failure and death. out death.

Galerina marginata is a large ray-leafed, canker fungus, meaning it grows on damp woody stems and causes the tree to rot and rot. This mushroom has the same amatoxin as the death mushroom. When eating the poisonous mushroom Autumn Skullcap, you can be poisoned with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, liver damage and ultimately death if the poisoning is not treated promptly. Although this mushroom has characteristics unlike other edible mushrooms, a number of deaths and poisonings due to the mushroom have been found to be due to mistaken purchasing of the hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushroom.
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8. Gyromitra esculenta

False Morel mushroom, scientific name Gyromitra esculenta, shaped like a human brain, is one of the popular dishes in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. This is a very special type of poisonous mushroom because if you eat it raw, you will die, but if cooked properly, it will become a dish with great flavor. The main toxin in mushrooms is Gyromitrin, which when entering the human body will convert into Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) - a substance that affects the liver, nervous system and kidneys. The victim will have common symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and may fall into a deep coma and die after a week.


False Morel is a type of mushroom that contains the toxin and carcinogen gyromitrin. Therefore, in many countries it is illegal to sell and cook this mushroom. This mushroom is so toxic that it is recommended not to keep fresh mushrooms in tight spaces such as cars or poorly ventilated rooms because headaches and nausea have been reported due to the toxins secreted by this mushroom. when they are placed in the vehicle. The sale of this mushroom in some countries such as Sweden and Norway has been illegal for many years, but in Finland, this mushroom is available in famous restaurants and even canned in supermarkets. As for fresh mushrooms, there will be strict regulations when selling, from packaging to processing instructions.
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9. Amanita ocreata

The name meaning "this destroying angel" is actually a common name for many types of white mushrooms in the Amanita family. They look quite similar to button mushrooms or meadow mushrooms, causing many people to pick them by mistake. Amanita ocreata, whose English names include death angel and destroying angel, is a species of poisonous mushroom. This is one of many species in the genus Amanita. Occurring in the Pacific Northwest and California botanical province in North America, A. ocreata is symbiotic with oak trees. The fruiting bodies usually appear in spring. The mushroom cap can be white or yellow-brown and often develops a brownish color in the center, while the other parts are white.


Destroying Angels mushroom belongs to the Amanitaceae family, is an extremely toxic mushroom capable of completely destroying the body with the toxin Amatoxin. Toxins entering the body will cause initial symptoms such as cramps, abdominal pain, delirium, convulsions, vomiting and diarrhea, then when absorbed, they will cause permanent damage to the kidneys and kidneys. especially liver cells. The only way to save a poisoned person is a liver transplant and kidney dialysis. They have similar toxicity to A. phalloides, A. virosa and A. bisporigera, which is a potentially deadly fungus that has caused several poisoning cases in California.
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10. Amanita phalloides

Death Cap mushroom, scientific name Amanita phalloides, is the culprit in most deaths due to accidental mushroom eating or intentional poisoning. This type of mushroom originates in Europe, often grows under oak trees in the forest and has a shape similar to many edible mushrooms, causing confusion. It is estimated that just 30g of this poison is enough to kill an adult. What you need to note is that even when cooked, dried or frozen, the toxicity of this mushroom does not change. Most deaths are due to victims confusing this poisonous mushroom with some edible mushrooms commonly consumed by humans.

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