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Top 10 Most Famous Architectural Works in the World

Architecture has always played an important role in the history of world development. For a long time, people have built extremely great architectural works, lasting for hundreds and thousands of years. And until today, when technology is more and more developed, construction is also more and more advanced than before. Skyscrapers began to spring up with full amenities, classy designs, bringing the best experiences. Let's learn about the most famous architectural works in the world!

1. Sydney Opera House - Australia

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Located in the famous Sydney Harbor, the Sydney Opera House is famous as the most unique architectural work in the world with the shape of a clam or a sail full of wind going out to sea. This theater is a famous performing arts venue around the world. This place is not only a theater but also an ideal place to hold weddings, conferences, events and parties. With a complex of 5 theaters, 5 studios, 6 bars, 4 restaurants and souvenir shops. Every year, millions of tourists flock here to visit, countless musicians and painters come here to compose, photographers come here to make albums, famous people come here to organize events, and many couples come here to organize their dream wedding. This project was designed by the extremely talented and famous Danish architect Jorn Utzon. The foundation of the building is guaranteed to be extremely solid with 580 huge concrete columns driven 25m deep into the seabed. The entire building is naturally ventilated thanks to the roof designed to let the wind blow inside. The roof is covered with 1,056 million tiles imported from Sweden with the ability to clean itself. The total area of ​​the building is up to 1.8 hectares, with a length of 183m and a width of 120m. The Sydney Opera House has become the most famous tourist destination in Australia. This theater was recognized as a world heritage in 2007. This is the second monument in the world after Brasilia to be recognized as a heritage while the architect who designed it was still alive. The Opera House is the youngest building on the list of world cultural heritages.
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2. Eiffel Tower – France

The Eiffel Tower is a steel structure located on the Champ-de-Mars park, next to the Seine River, in Paris, France. The tower is named after the architect Gustav Eiffel, whose company designed and built the structure. However, Gustav Eiffel was not the one who created this design. Two engineers of the Eiffel company, Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, designed the initial drawings. After Chief Architect Stephen Sauvestre made many corrections to the drawings, Gustave Eiffel was satisfied. The rights to build the tower were registered in the names of Eiffel, Koechlin and Nouguier. Very soon after, Gustave Eiffel bought the rights from these two engineers to have exclusive rights to the future tower. The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889 with the expectation of becoming the "nail of the World Exhibition" in 1889 in Paris, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the French bourgeois revolution. Through that, France wanted to affirm itself as an industrial power, and at the same time demonstrate the boldness of the French people when daring to start a new revolution in the history of architecture with the use of iron, steel, cast iron construction materials... The Eiffel Tower had an original height of 300m. With an antenna on top, the tower reached a height of 325m. Because the tower is made entirely of iron and metal, the height of the tower will be affected when the temperature changes, due to the effect of thermal expansion. The Eiffel Tower has 3 floors, where there are many different services. In addition to the two restaurants Altitude 95 and Le Jules-Verne located on the second and third floors, the tower also has fast food restaurants, galleries, souvenir shops, Internet access points, shops selling French commemorative stamps...
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3. Notre Dame Cathedral – France

Notre Dame Cathedral is the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris and is also one of the first Gothic churches. Gothic architecture is an architectural form that flourished during the middle and late Middle Ages. It is a transition between Romanesque and Renaissance architecture. Notre Dame Cathedral is 48 m wide, 130 m long, 35 m high, and can accommodate about 6,500 people. This is one of the constructions with arched columns on the outside and thanks to that, the interior has large stained glass windows that can let sunlight shine through. The architecture of the church is the most iconic in Paris and certainly one of the most iconic buildings in the world. Until now, that architecture still shines, making anyone, from any class, admire it. First and foremost are the three sets of 13th-century rose windows, which are among the most famous features of Notre Dame. It is unclear whether these special windows survived the fire. The first and smallest window, located on the west facade, was completed around 1225. The south rose window is nearly 13 meters in diameter and is made of 84 small panels. However, it is no longer made of the original glass, as it was also damaged in previous fires. Most visitors to Notre Dame will spend time in front of the two Gothic towers on the west facade of the building.
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4. Empire State Building – USA

The Empire State Building has long been a famous tourist destination in the United States and attracts millions of visitors from all over the world every year. The Empire State Building has a total height of 443 m with a construction cost of nearly 41 million USD, built in the modern Art Deco architectural style, modeled after the shape of a pencil. The Empire State Building is a 102-storey structure, designed by architect William F. Lamb. It took about a year and 45 days for construction to be completed. The building has 85 floors of commercial space, 16 floors of the tower are used for art decoration. In addition, the 103rd floor of the building is managed quite specially, it can only be accessed by stairs from the 102nd floor.

The Empire State Building is extremely attractive when viewed from afar at night, because of the constantly changing lighting system, lasting until 2:00 a.m. This lighting system is only temporarily turned off in the spring and fall, when flocks of birds begin to migrate. The Empire State Building is the building that tops the list of the most beautiful architectural works in the United States voted by the American people. Many years have passed and many other impressive monumental works have been built, but Americans in particular and the world in general still have the most special feelings for the Empire State, because it always gives people strong emotions, along with unforgettable moments before the spectacular beauty of the surrounding landscape, as well as the beauty of the building itself.
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5. Casa Mila Building – Spain

Casa Milà is a museum and art gallery in the Eixample, just north of the city center. Both the interior and exterior of the house are characteristically Gaudí, with sweeping curves, intricate carvings and meticulous detail from the roof vents to the roof. Today, the house is a gallery. The courtyard, attic, ground floor, roof space and La Pedrera apartment are open to the public as examples of Gaudí’s work. The building’s nickname, La Pedrera, means “The Quarry” in English. The structure’s rugged exterior resembles a quarry. The house was built as a private home with apartments for rent on the upper floors. The house became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.

Admire the building’s exterior from the street. Admission is free, but expect a long wait if you don’t buy tickets in advance. Visitors should purchase tickets from La Pedrera’s official website. Pay a small fee for an audio guide. This makes it easier to navigate and uncover hidden details that visitors might otherwise miss. Take the elevator to the roof. Visitors can enjoy sweeping views of the surrounding area, including quirky details like the spiral chimneys. The attic is a small museum, featuring some of Gaudí’s best work. View drawings, plans, and videos. The museum has been restored and decorated with period art and furniture. Many details are original, right down to the door handles. The museum is open daily. It’s easily accessible by public transport. Four of Gaudí’s buildings are located along Passeig de Gràcia, including Casa Batlló, a short walk down the avenue.
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6. The Shard – Qatar

Located in the Southwark area on the banks of the River Thames, the unusual glass and conical structure has made the Shard one of the most recognizable landmarks in London, England. This is a 309.6 meter high building with 95 floors including offices, apartments, restaurants and a 5-star hotel with a construction cost of about 700 million USD. This building currently holds the record for the tallest building in Europe, construction began in 2009 and was completed in 2012. The Shard was inaugurated by Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar. The tower consists of 72 residential floors with an art gallery and an outdoor observation deck, which is also the tallest observation tower in the UK. The owners of the Shard tower are LBQ Limited, a company owned by the State of Qatar and the Sellar Real Estate Group.

In addition, London is an ideal location to build the Shard building. Improvements in building codes in the 1960s made skyscrapers possible, according to the Los Angeles Times. The building’s proximity to the transit hub also helped. London’s political and cultural stability also made it more comfortable for developers to choose the city as the site for the Shard. However, there were some dissenting voices, partly because the Shard was funded by foreign investors, primarily Qatar. One editorial expressed disappointment that opponents had failed to delay the building’s construction, and suggested that foreign investors were only interested in profiting from the building. Another expressed a strange aversion to skyscraper architecture.
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7. Brasilia Cathedral – Brazil

The Brasilia Cathedral is a masterpiece of modern religious art in Brasilia, Brazil. It was designed by Oscar Niemeyer and is a Roman Catholic cathedral serving the Archdiocese of Brasília. Construction began on September 15, 1958, and was completed on April 21, 1960. After several setbacks and delays, the cathedral was officially inaugurated on May 31, 1970, by Cardinal Eugenio D. Salles. The Brasilia Cathedral is made up of 16 identical curved concrete columns connected by glass panels. The design is meant to symbolize hands reaching toward heaven. The hyperboloid style of the cathedral attracts millions of visitors each year. The cathedral is open to visitors daily, but is closed during prayer times. The Cathedral of Brasilia is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, considered by Brazilians to be the queen of the country. It is considered one of the most beautiful churches in the world, designed in the shape of a thorn wreath. The church has a glass roof and the space between the concrete columns is covered with blue and white glass. The sunlight makes the church naturally bright. A small piece of linen was used to cover the body of Jesus Christ, known after being crucified. The Shroud of Turin is also kept inside the crypt of this church. The roof is impressively designed with blue, green and translucent white ribbons made of winding fiberglass, along with 3 hanging angel statues. These unique shapes create the majestic and rare beauty of the church. The hyperboloid style of this church attracts millions of visitors every year. The church is open to visitors every day, but is closed to visitors during prayer times. The Brasilia Cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, who is considered by Brazilians to be the queen of the country.
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8. Burj Khalifa Building – UAE

The 829.8 m tall building located in Dubai is the tallest structure in the world. The building was designed by architect Adrian Smith and construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009. It was built at a total cost of up to 1.5 billion USD and opened in January 2010. The design of the tower was inspired by the shape of a flower called hymenocallis. It includes hotels, residences and observation rooms located on the 163rd floor of the building. Not only does this tower break the height record, it also holds other records such as the world's highest observation balcony, the fastest elevator with a speed of up to 64 km/h... Located at the foot of the tower is the Downtown Burj Dubai center, about 202 hectares wide, including 30,000 houses, 9 hotels, a 24,000 m2 park and the world's largest shopping mall Dubai Mall, 836,000 m2 wide, along with a 120,000 m2 lake.

With a pointed tower design, like a "vertical city", the Burj Khalifa tower overshadows current skyscrapers. It raises new limits in design and construction. A spiral Y-shaped design is used to support the core of the tower, and as it rises, it gradually narrows. The Burj Khalifa tower, when it rises higher, becomes a giant steel pyramid. The Khalifa building consists of three blocks arranged around a central core. It is built on a flat desert floor. The lower part is built with reinforced concrete. However, from the 156th floor up to the roof is a steel structure. The highlight of the building is the Armani Hotel Dubai, which offers fine dining. Guests are treated like VIPs. In addition, the hotel also has a uniquely designed spa.
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9. Taj Mahal Temple – India

The Taj Mahal is a famous temple in India, considered a symbol of the eternal love between Emperor Shah Jahan and Queen Mumtaz Mahal. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the Taj Mahal of India as a World Cultural Heritage in 1983. The Taj Mahal is located in the city of Agra, Utar Pradesh, northern India. The temple is built of white stone on a large, harmonious space, enhancing its magnificent, pure beauty. With typical Indo-Islamic architecture, the Taj Mahal sparkles in the blue sky like a precious gem that enchants anyone who has the opportunity to admire it. The history of the construction of the Taj Mahal is associated with the story of the eternal love of Emperor Shah Jahan for his beloved wife, Queen Mumtaz Mahah. She unfortunately passed away at the age of 39 after giving birth to their 14th child (1631).

There are many stories about the death of the queen that have been passed down through the centuries, of which the most told story is: the death of queen Mumtaz made the emperor so sad that his hair turned white overnight. Before closing her eyes, queen Mumtaz asked the emperor to build her a mausoleum to commemorate their love. Soon after, because of his love for the queen, emperor Shah Jahan personally oversaw the construction of the Taj Mahal for 16 years (1632 - 1648) to get a gift for his late wife. The Taj Mahal was built of white marble and many precious stones brought from many places around the world. Therefore, the color of the temple changes magically during the day thanks to the changing color of the precious stones at different times depending on the sunlight.
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10. Kaaba – Saudi Arabia

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Saudi Arabia is considered the cradle of Islam, which emerged in the early 7th century. The country has two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. In the 16th century, Türkiye occupied Saudi Arabia. The state of Saudi Arabia began in central Arabia around 1750. A king who ruled the region, Muhammad bin Saud, allied with an Islamic reformer, Muhammad Abd Al-Wahhab, to create a new political entity. The discovery of oil in March 1938 transformed the country economically and created famous architectural works such as the Kaaba. The Kaaba is a rectangular building located in the center of the Al-Masjid Al-Haram mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The building is about 13.1 m high, has a base of 11.03 m × 12.62 m, and 4 sides pointing to the 4 cardinal directions. This is considered the center of Islam's holiest shrine. To the east of the Kaba is a black stone slab that is believed to be a relic of Islam. According to Islamic tradition, the slab was fixed intact to the wall of the Kaaba by the Prophet Muhammad himself around 605 AD. Since then, the slab has been broken into many pieces and is now mounted in a silver frame on the side of the Kaaba.
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