3. Switzerland and Italy
The border between the modern countries of Switzerland and Italy spans 744 km, from the France-Swiss-Italy midpoint at Mont Dole in the west to the Austria-Swiss-Italian midpoint near Piz Lad in the east. Much of the border runs through the High Alps, rising above 4,600 meters as it passes east of Dufourspitze, but it also descends to the lowest point in Switzerland as it passes through Lago Maggiore at less than 200 metres. The border between Switzerland and Italy along the Alps was probably built by local people. The border only consists of small posts, tied with steel wire, to distinguish the territory between the two countries. In particular, along the Alps, snow still covers the ground in thick white.
The border was a product of the Napoleonic era, established with the provisional constitution of the Helvetic Republic of 15 January 1798, which was restored in 1815. While this border existed as a Swiss border Since 1815, there has been only one unified Italian state allowing the existence of a "Swiss-Italian border" with the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The border as represented by the Swisstopo separates the Swiss canton of Valais Si with the Aosta valley, Italy and the Piedmont region, the canton of Ticino from Piedmont and also Lombardy, and the canton of Grisons with Lombardy and South Tyrol.
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