6. Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the official capital of the Netherlands, located on the banks of the IJmeer Bay and the Amstel River. The city was founded in the 12th century as a small fishing village on the Amstel River. Today, it is the largest city in the Netherlands, and the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. The city is located in the province of Noord-Holland in the west of the country. The city (including suburbs) had a population of 1,360,000 as of 1 January 2008, including the northern part of the Randstad, which is the fifth largest urban area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6,700,000.
Shortly before World War I, the city began to expand again, and new suburbs were built. Although the Netherlands remained neutral in the war, Amsterdam suffered from food shortages, and heating fuel became scarce. The shortages led to riots, in which several people died. These riots were called the Aardappeloproer (Potato Rebellion). People began looting stores and warehouses for supplies, mainly food.
On 1 January 1921, following the flood of 1916, the depleted municipalities of Durgerdam, Holysloot, Zunderdorp and Schellingwoude, all located north of Amsterdam, were annexed to the city at their own request. Between the wars, the city continued to expand, especially to the west of the Jordaan district in Frederik Hendrikbuurt and its environs.
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