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Top 10 largest natural caves in the world

Many caves are like gateways to the past and therefore always attract human interest. Exploring the natural caves that nature has given to mankind is the most wonderful thing that humans are doing. Join us to explore the largest natural caves in the world!

1. Son Doong Cave (Vietnam)

Son Doong Cave is located in the core area of ​​Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh province, Vietnam. This is the largest natural cave in the world, also the largest Karst cave in the world, with a total volume of up to 35.8 million m3, length 8,573m, the highest point is 195m and the widest is up to 150m. Son Doong Cave is not only the largest cave but also has the most beautiful stalactites, the longest underground river in the cave...


Son Doong Cave was formed about 2-5 million years ago when river water flowed through limestone areas buried along fault lines. The water eroded creating a giant tunnel in the ground beneath the mountains. In places where the rock is soft, the ceiling collapses to form a sinkhole, which over time forms a large cave dome.
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2. Hang Miao Room (China)

If in Asia, there is Son Doong Cave, Vietnam which is the largest cave in the world, then Miao Room Cave, China is the second largest cave in the world. Located in a mountainous area in southern China's Ziyun County, the cave has a volume of 10.7 million cubic meters, accessible only through its underground flow. The cave area is up to 117,986 m2, can even contain 4 copies of the Great Pyramid of Giza, equivalent to the size of 22 football fields. According to estimates by scientists, the length of the cave can be up to 852 m, and can accommodate a Boeing 747 aircraft.


When exploring the cave, people will feel like entering an endless journey. Both are covered with many stalagmite columns, resembling aliens. There are even stalagmite columns up to 45m high. The stalagmites were formed because Miao Room Cave was submerged in seawater for 600 million years, accumulating thick layers of sediment in the process. When the rainy season comes, a stream flows through the central canyon, deepening the cave. The flowing water simultaneously transports fallen rocks in the cave.

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3. Mammoth Cave National Park (USA)

Mammoth Cave National Park is a national park located in central Kentucky state of the United States. This place is known as the longest cave in the world, with a length of about 651 km, and has fascinating natural beauty. Mammoth Cave National Park once wrote on its Facebook page: "When it comes to Mammoth Cave discoveries, there really is no end!". The cave was established as a national park on July 1, 1941, and was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site on October 27, 1981, and a world biosphere reserve since September 26, 1990.


The history of humanity related to Mammoth Cave spans six millennia. Many Native American remains were excavated here and in other caves in the surrounding area during the 19th and 20th centuries.


Mammoth Cave National Park is one of 13 natural attractions recognized by the United Nations as World Heritage Sites in the United States. Home to about 130 species of wild animals, it attracts more than 2 million visitors each year.
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4. Sistema Sac Actun (Mexico)

Sistema Sac Actun, also known as the "White Cave System", is located in Quintana Roo, Mexico. This is an underwater cave system located along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula with cave branches running north and west of the village of Tulum. The cave extends over 347.8km, is one of the largest underwater caves in the world. Not only does it have enchanting beauty, this cave system is also a meaningful archaeological site, helping to decode a number of different cultures around the world.


The cave holds hundreds of archaeological relics, including a find proving the first arrival of Americans on the peninsula, along with endangered animals and evidence of ancient Mayan culture grand.


The water level of this cave extends more than 345km. Many people believe that the water level in this cave has changed more or less over time and that the water around the peninsula could have been used to provide water during periods of severe drought. There was a period at the end of the Ice Age, when the water level inside the cave rose to 91m, causing the cave system to be completely flooded, leaving traces of prehistoric animals. However, it is worth mentioning that the cave was completely flooded, making it uninhabitable for humans, but remains were still found in some areas of the site.

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5. Jewel Cave (USA)

Located in South Dakota, Jewel Cave was discovered by two men in 1900, when they felt a stream of cool air escape from a small hole in the ground. The caves here are covered with unique calcite crystals, hence the name of this place which means "precious jewel". More than 322km long, hidden in the Black Hills National Forest, this gem boasts stunning scenery below ground as well as above. The name Jewel Cave comes from the colorful crystals that adorn the corners inside the cave.


It is formed from the circulation of acid-rich underground water streams. The highlight of Jewel cave is that the minerals in the cave over time have accumulated, creating images of candles, flowers, and spider webs that look extremely strange.
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6. Shuanghedong Cave (China)

Shuanghedong Cave is one of the longest cave systems in the world. This limestone cave was formed about 100 million years ago, located in Wenquan town, Guizhou province, southwest China. Discovered in 1987, it is more than 242 km long and is a prime example of an underground ecosystem. This gypsum and dolomite cave has a carbon dioxide concentration of about 400 ppm (parts per million) and the temperature around the cave always fluctuates around 13 degrees.


There are at least three rivers in the lower levels of the cave, as well as several waterfalls. Some of these rivers are home to giant cave fish and shrimp. In addition, several living creatures such as toads, frogs, salamanders, insects, spiders, bats, leeches and even mushrooms have been found here. Since its discovery in the late 1980s, there have been more than 20 expeditions, mainly by the French and Japanese, but have encountered many difficulties due to geographical and political influences.

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7. Wind Cave (USA)

Known as the longest and most complex cave in the world - Wind Cave. This is also the first cave in the world to be recognized as the most complex national park in the world. Wind Cave was recognized as a national park in 1903.


With its intricate structure and incredible underground passages, Wind Maze Cave rivals any of the world's largest caves. With a total length of 241 km, the wind tunnel is not only picturesque but also a protected habitat for local wildlife.


In particular, Wind Cave is home to 95% of the world's calcite minerals, formed by long-term erosion of the cave environment. A series of structures consisting of calcite spikes protrude like swords from the cave walls and ceiling in a saw-toothed pattern. They intersect at many angles to form a dense, shimmering network like a honeycomb - "geological boxwork", the delicate box-shaped collection, like a square in the world, remains one of many mysteries of the cave.
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8. Lechuguilla Cave (USA)

Lechuguilla Cave is located in Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, United States. A limestone cave with a length of 222.6 km, has been explored and is the deepest cave in the continental United States, with a depth of 489 m, but is most famous for its unusual geology and rare tectonics. , and its pristine condition. The entrance to the cave is decorated with lemon-yellow blocks of plaster and sulfur. Lechuguilla Cave has many rare mineral deposits that surpass other caves in Carlsbad Caverns National Park (USA).


Lechguilla is filled with interesting mineral deposits, attracting the interest of geologists around the world. The cave is covered with sulfur deposits and lemon-yellow gypsum. A series of speleothems (mineral deposits formed by dissolved minerals deposited in caves) that are diverse and extremely rare. Some of them have never been seen anywhere else in the world.


Some rare chemical bacteria are believed to be present in the cave. These bacteria, which feed on minerals such as sulfur, iron and manganese, may help expand caves and determine the shape of unusual speleothems. Other research suggests that some bacteria may be beneficial to humans.

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9. Vatnajokull Ice Cave (Iceland)

Vatnajokull Ice Cave is located on the Icelandic island of Oaefajokull. The cave is thousands of years old and is home to Iceland's highest volcano. This cave was formed by Europe's largest glacier. Vatnajokull Ice Cave has an area of ​​8,200 square meters, the greatest depth is up to 1,000m, the average thickness of ice here is 400m and the maximum is 1,000m.


The most striking feature of this cave is its characteristic blue color, which is due to the pressure created by the weight of snow falling from glaciers over the centuries, causing air to escape, creating reflections. colorful only perfect blue. This is where the purity and transparency of the ice originates.

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10. Hölloch Cave (Switzerland)

Hölloch Cave is located in the Muotathal region and still retains many of Switzerland's wild features, a giant underground wonder. In English, the word "Hölloch" means "Hellhole". However, the original pronunciation "Hölloch" means "slippery" in the local German language. With a length of about 200 km and a depth of about 900m, Holloch is considered a valuable natural treasure. Discovered in 1875, this largest cave system in the world today has become an interesting tourist destination.


In 1875, explorers first visited and explored Holloko Cave. During the exploration, scientists discovered a layer of mortar nearly 20 meters thick. Additionally, Holloch is the largest cave in Switzerland and the second longest in Europe. This is also the first cave discovered by humans in the world with a length of more than 100 km.


Discovered in 1875, this largest cave system in the world today has become an interesting tourist destination. Visitors can explore caves in very narrow places, requiring them to stoop or crouch to get through.

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